Tennis Elbow: Causes, Symptoms, and the Best Treatment for Lasting Relief
What is Tennis Elbow?
Lateral epicondylitis, also called “tennis elbow”, is a type of chronic tendonitis, called tendinosis, in a group of forearm muscles known as the extensor-supinator group. This muscle group is responsible for extending the wrist and turning the palm to face down (supination). They are all attached to outside of the of the humerus (arm) bone (called the lateral epicondyle) through a conjoined tendon, and this is where the tendinosis develops.
When you perform lots of gripping, supination, or extension with a load, this causes microtears to form in the tendon. It is common in amateur racquet sport participants due to poor technique or improperly fitted equipment, but it can also be caused by a new activity with lots of wrist extension, such as a new workout routine, or from a direct injury to the area.
You will typically feel pain in the tendon start about 24 to 72 hours after the activity. The area around the outside of the elbow may be tender to touch, and the muscles may feel tight through their entire lengths. It may also be painful or difficult when trying to extend the wrist and 3rd finger against resistance.
How is Tennis Elbow Diagnosed?
Lateral epicondylitis is diagnosed through strength and range of motion testing, followed by palpation of the muscle group to assess any swelling, pain, or thickening of the tendon compared to the unaffected side. Occasionally, a physician may request imaging if the tendinosis is accompanied by other injuries or if the symptoms are worsening severely, even with treatment.
How is Tennis Elbow Typically Treated?
Treatment for lateral epicondylitis begins with rest and modifying daily activities to break the cycle of continuous inflammation. Electrical modalities, such as laser therapy, can help decrease the inflammation and progress healing. A counterforce strap or a night splint can be worn to provide additional support to the healing tendon. As the microtears heal and inflammation decreases, exercises are started to gradually restore full range of motion and strengthen the muscles. Muscle strengthening is crucial when treating epicondylitis because it stabilizes the joint and helps to prevent the microtears from forming again. However, addressing the original cause of the injury is the best preventative method.
When can I return to my normal activities?
Return to normal levels of activity can typically begin once repeated movements of the wrist and elbow can be fully performed without pain. This timeline depends on several factors, including the stage of tendinosis, individual physiology, and lifestyle habits. It is important to remember that every person heals differently, so following your medical advice carefully is critical for a safe and effective injury rehabilitation.
If you’re experiencing symptoms of tennis elbow or any persistent elbow pain, it’s advisable to consult with a physiotherapist for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.
Written by Madelene Scola, Hons. BA. Kin.; CAT(C)